Urbanization is a defining characteristic of the modern world, with more than half of the global population now residing in cities. As urban centers continue to grow, they face a multitude of sustainability challenges, including housing shortages, environmental degradation, and rising energy consumption.

The global economy is undergoing a transformative shift towards more sustainable practices in response to increasing environmental concerns and resource depletion. One promising strategy emerging from this movement is industrial symbiosis, a network of interconnected companies that collaborate to optimize resource use, minimize waste, and ultimately enhance the circular economy.